Hinkles and Hanrahans

Lackland was a skilled politician and forceful administrator, but one of England's most unpopular monarchs due to his cruelty and deceit. While Richard I was imprisoned abroad, in 1193 John vainly attempted to usurp the throne. He was banished, but soon reconciled and was made his brother's heir. On Richard's death, John became king and imprisoned his young nephew Arthur of Brittany, a better claimant who soon died in prison. He married Isabella de Clare, Countess of Gloucester, and then divorced her on grounds of consanguinity after his accession to the throne, and married Isabella of Angouleme. John imposed crippling taxes and tightened the already severe forest laws, all to raise revenue for his war against the French. This war cost him Normandy and led to high inflation resulting in widespread poverty. He antagonized the Church, triggering an interdict from the Pope, and John himself was excommunicated. The whole population, high and low alike, were in a state of near rebellion. The barons drew up a document which they were intent upon John signing. This document was not a formal constitution but a practical statement that the King must respect institutional customs and law. On Monday 15 June 1215 King John reluctantly signed and sealed the document on the island of Runymeade in the Thames. The document became known as the Magna Carta. Afterwards, John reverted to his old style of governing and Louis, son of the French King, was invited to replace him. Louis entered London unopposed in May 1216 and civil war erupted. Fortunately for England, John died of dysentry on Wednesday 19 October 1216 at Newark after losing the crown jewels in the Wash.

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John Lackland and Isabella de Clare were divorced in 1199 on the grounds of consanguinity.